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Breadboard is used to make up temporary circuits for testing or to try out an project idea initially. They are solder less and so it is easy to change connections and replace components. By using breadboards simple circuits can be improved and tested in different ways easily. Electronic components used on breadboard will not be damaged so they will be available to re-use in case of making project on PCB.
Almost all the School projects started life on a breadboard to check that the circuit worked as intended.

The photograph shows a small breadboard which is suitable for beginners building simple circuits with one or two ICs (chips). Larger sizes are available and you may wish to buy one of these to start with. They are available in ebay in different sizes and qulities.